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Sport Pilot NPRM Section 1. What is the purpose of this SFAR? 3. When am I eligible for a certificate under this SFAR? 7. Does a sport pilot certificate issued under this SFAR expire? 9. What is a light-sport aircraft? 11. Who is an authorized instructor? 13. Do regulations other than those contained in this SFAR apply to a sport pilot? 15. Must I hold an airman medical certificate? 17. Am I prohibited from operating a light-sport aircraft if I have a medical deficiency? Student Pilot Certificate to Operate Light-Sport Aircraft 31. How do I apply for a student pilot certificate to operate light-sport aircraft? 33. What solo requirements must a student pilot operating light-sport aircraft meet? 35. Are there any limits on how a student pilot may operate a light-sport aircraft? Sport Pilot Certificate 51. What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate? 53. What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a sport pilot certificate? 55. What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate? 57. What tests do I have to take to receive a sport pilot certificate? 59. Will my sport pilot certificate list light-sport aircraft category and class ratings? 63. How do I obtain privileges to operate an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft? 65. How do I obtain privileges to operate an additional make and model of light-sport aircraft? 67. Must I carry my logbook with me in the aircraft? Privileges and Limits of Holders of a Sport Pilot Certificate 71. What type of aircraft may I fly if I hold a sport pilot certificate? 73. What are my limits for the operation of light-sport aircraft? 75. May I demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer? 79. May I share operating expenses of a flight with a passenger? 81. How do I obtain privileges to operate in Class B, C, or D airspace? Transitioning to a Sport Pilot Certificate Flight Instructor Certificate With a Sport Pilot Rating 111. Must I hold an airman medical certificate? 119. What tests do I have to take to get a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? 121. What records do I have to keep and for how long? 131. Do I need to carry my logbook with me in the aircraft? 133. What privileges do I have if I hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? 135. What are the limits of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating? 137. Are there any additional qualifications for training first-time flight instructor applicants? 139. May I give myself an endorsement? Transitioning to a Flight Instructor Certificate With a Sport Pilot Rating 153. What if I am only a registered ultralight instructor with an FAA recognized ultralight organization? 155. What if I’ve never provided flight or ground training in an aircraft or an ultralight vehicle? Pilot Logbooks 171. How do I log training time and aeronautical experience? 173. How do I log pilot-in-command flight time? Recent Flight Experience Requirements for a Sport Pilot Certificate or a Flight Instructor Certificate With a Sport Pilot Rating 191. What recent flight experience requirements must I meet for a sport pilot certificate? 193. What are the flight review requirements for a sport pilot certificate? 195. How do I renew my flight instructor certificate? 197. What must I do if my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating expires? Ground Instructor Privileges 211. What are the eligibility requirements for a ground instructor certificate? General Section 1. What is the purpose of this SFAR? This SFAR— (a) Establishes requirements to apply for a student pilot certificate to operate light-sport aircraft, a sport pilot certificate, and a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating; (b) Expands the privileges of ground instructors to permit them to provide training for a sport pilot certificate and for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating; and (c) Establishes the following for the certificates and ratings issued by FAA under the provisions of this SFAR: (1) Eligibility requirements; (2) Experience requirements; (3) Testing requirements; (4) Endorsements; (5) Privileges and limitations; (6) Logging of ground and flight time; (7) Recent flight experience requirements; and (8) Transition provisions. Section 3. When am I eligible for a certificate under this SFAR? (a) See the following table for the eligibility requirements for the different kinds of airman certificates issued under this SFAR:
(b) If you can’t read, speak, write, and understand English due to medical requirements, the FAA may place limitations on your certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of light-sport aircraft.
Section 5. Does this SFAR expire? This SFAR will remain in effect until superceded, rescinded, or until it is incorporated into the permanent portion of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations. Section 7. Does a sport pilot certificate issued under this SFAR expire? No, a sport pilot certificate issued under this SFAR does not expire. Section 9. What is a light-sport aircraft? A light-sport aircraft is defined in 14 CFR 1.1. Section 11. Who is an authorized instructor? An authorized instructor is defined in 14 CFR 61.1. Section 13. Do regulations other than those contained in this SFAR apply to a sport pilot? Yes. As a certificated pilot, you must comply with 14 CFR part 61 and with the general operating and flight rules under 14 CFR part 91 of this chapter. In addition, you must comply with all other applicable regulations under this chapter. Section 15. Must I hold an airman medical certificate? In lieu of the provisions of 14 CFR 61.23(a)(3)(iii), which require a student pilot to hold an airman medical certificate, you must hold and possess while exercising the privileges of a student pilot certificate to operate a light-sport aircraft or a sport pilot certificate, when operating other than a glider or balloon: (a) A current and valid U.S. driver’s license; or (b) A current and valid airman medical certificate issued under 14 CFR part 67. Section 17. Am I prohibited from operating a light-sport aircraft if I have a medical deficiency?
Student Pilot Certificate for Operating Light-Sport Aircraft Section 31. How do I apply for a student pilot certificate to operate light-sport aircraft? Use the following table to determine how to apply for a student pilot certificate to operate light-sport aircraft:
Section 33. What solo requirements must a student pilot operating light-sport aircraft meet? (a) To operate a light-sport aircraft in solo flight, you must meet the requirements under 14 CFR 61.87(a) through (c). (b) If you are receiving training for single-engine airplane, glider, gyroplane, airship, or balloon privileges, you must receive and log flight training for the maneuvers and procedures specified in 14 CFR 61.87(d), (g), and (i) through (k), as applicable. (c) If you are receiving training for powered parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft privileges, you must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures: (1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, preflight assembly and rigging, aircraft systems, and powerplant operations; (2) Taxiing or surface operations, including run-ups; (3) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind; (4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions; (5) Climbs, and climbing turns in both directions; (6) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures; (7) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance; (8) Descents and descending turns in both directions; (9) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions; (10) Ground reference maneuvers; (11) Recovery from partial canopy collapse (powered parachute only); (12) Meta-stable stalls and avoidance (powered parachute only); (13) Flight at various airspeeds from maximum cruise to slow flight (weight-shift-control aircraft only); (14) Stall entry, stall, and stall recovery (weight-shift-control aircraft only); (15) Straight glides, and gliding turns in both directions; (16) Go-arounds; (17) Approaches to landing areas with a simulated engine malfunction; (18) Procedures for canopy packing and aircraft disassembly (powered parachute only); and (19) Procedures for disassembly (weight-shift-control aircraft only). (d) Solo cross-country flight requirements. You may not operate a light-sport aircraft on a solo cross-country flight unless you have met the requirements specified in 14 CFR 61.93(a) through (c). (e) Maneuvers and procedures for solo cross-country flight training in a single-engine airplane, glider, gyroplane, or airship. If you are receiving training for single-engine airplane, glider, gyroplane, or airship privileges you must receive and log flight training for the maneuvers and procedures specified in 14 CFR 61.93 (e), (h), (j), and (k), as applicable. (f) If you are receiving training for powered parachute and weight-shift control privileges, you must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures: (1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass; (2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight; (3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight; (4) Emergency procedures; (5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach; (6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance; (7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown; (8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications; (9) If equipped for flight using navigation radios, the procedures for the use of radios for VFR navigation; and (10) Recognition of weather and upper air conditions favorable for the cross-country flight. Section 35. Are there any limits on how a student pilot may operate a light-sport aircraft? As a student pilot you may not operate a light-sport aircraft: (a) Unless you comply with 14 CFR 61.87(l) and 61.89 (a)(1) through (a)(4), (a)(7), (a) (8), and (b); (b) With a flight or surface visibility of less than 3 statute miles; (c) In flight at night; (d) At an altitude of more than 10,000 feet MSL or 2,000 feet AGL, whichever is higher; (e) That exceeds a VH of 87 knots CAS; (f) Outside of the United States; (g) In Class B, C, or D airspace or at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace; unless you have received the ground and flight training from an instructor authorized to provide training and any logbook endorsement necessary for the solo flight; (h) Contrary to any operating limitation placed on the airworthiness certificate of the aircraft being flown; or (i) Contrary to any limitation or endorsement on your pilot certificate, airman medical certificate, U.S. driver’s license, or any other limitation or endorsement from an authorized instructor. If you hold a student pilot certificate to operate light-sport aircraft and seek to obtain privileges to operate in Class B, C, or D airspace or at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, you must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor. The instructor must provide a logbook endorsement that certifies you are proficient in the following aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation: (a) The use of radios, communications, navigation systems and facilities, and radar services; (b) Operations at airports with an operating control tower, to include 3 takeoffs and landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower; (c) Applicable flight rules of 14 CFR part 91 for operations in Class B, C, or D airspace and ATC clearances; (d) Ground training for the specific airspace for which the solo flight is authorized, and flight training in the specific airspace for which the solo flight is authorized within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight into that airspace; and (e) Ground and flight training for the specific airport for which the solo flight is authorized, if applicable, within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight at that airport. Sport Pilot Certificate Section 51. What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate? To apply for a sport pilot certificate, you must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or complete a home-study course on the following aeronautical knowledge areas: (a) Applicable regulations of this chapter that relate to sport pilot privileges, limits, and flight operations; (b) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board; (c) Use of the applicable portions of the "Aeronautical Information Manual" and FAA advisory circulars; (d) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage, dead reckoning, and navigation systems; (e) Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts; (f) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence; (g) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance; (h) Weight and balance computations; (i) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems; (j) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques, if applicable; (k) Tumble entry, tumble avoidance techniques for weight-shift-control aircraft category privileges; (l) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and (m) Preflight action that includes– (1) How to get information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements; and (2) How to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot be completed or delays are encountered. Section 53. What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a sport pilot certificate? To apply for a sport pilot certificate, you must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the following areas of operation for airplane single-engine, glider, gyroplane, airship, balloon, powered parachute, and weight shift control privileges: (a) Preflight preparation; (b) Preflight procedures; (c) Airport, seaplane base, and gliderport operations, as applicable; (d) Takeoffs (or launches), landings, and go-arounds: (e) Performance maneuvers, and for gliders, performance speeds; (f) Ground reference maneuvers (not applicable to gliders and balloons); (g) Soaring techniques (applicable to gliders only); (h) Navigation; (i) Slow flight and stalls (stalls not applicable to lighter-than-air aircraft and gyroplanes); (j) Emergency operations; and (k) Post-flight procedures. Section 55. What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate? Use the following table to determine the experience you must have to apply for a sport pilot certificate depending on aircraft category and class:
Section 57. What tests do I have to take to receive a sport pilot certificate? To receive a sport pilot certificate you must pass the following tests: (a) Knowledge test. You must pass the required knowledge test on the applicable aeronautical knowledge areas listed in section 51 of this SFAR. Before you can take the knowledge test for a sport pilot certificate you must receive a logbook endorsement certifying you are prepared for the test from the authorized instructor who trained you or reviewed and evaluated your home-study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in section 51 of this SFAR. (b) Practical test. You must pass the required practical test on the applicable areas of operation listed in sections 51 and 53 of this SFAR that apply to the light-sport aircraft privilege you seek. Before you can take the practical test for a sport pilot certificate, you must receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided you with flight training on the areas of operation specified in sections 51 and 53 of this SFAR in preparation for the practical test. This endorsement certifies you meet the applicable aeronautical knowledge and experience requirements and are prepared for the required practical test. Section 59. Will my sport pilot certificate list light-sport aircraft category and class ratings? No. Sport pilot certificates do not list light-sport aircraft category and class ratings. When you successfully pass the practical test for a sport pilot certificate, regardless of the light-sport aircraft privilege you seek, FAA will issue you a sport pilot certificate without any category and class ratings. You will receive a logbook endorsement of the category, class, and make and model aircraft you are authorized to operate. No. If you hold a sport pilot certificate, you must have a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor for each category, class, or make and model of light-sport aircraft you operate. To operate an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft you must: (a) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who trained you on the areas of operation specified in sections 51 and 53 of this SFAR certifying that you have met the aeronautical and knowledge experience requirements for the additional light-sport aircraft privilege you seek; (b) Successfully complete a proficiency check from an authorized instructor other than the instructor who conducted your training on the areas of operation specified in sections 51 and 89 of this SFAR for the additional light-sport aircraft privilege you seek; and (c) Receive a logbook endorsement certifying you are proficient in the areas of operation and authorized for the additional light-sport aircraft privilege. To operate an additional make and model of light-sport aircraft, you must receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided you aircraft-specific training for the additional light-sport aircraft make and model privileges you seek, certifying you are proficient in that make and model of light-sport aircraft. Section 67. Must I carry my logbook with me in the aircraft? If you hold a sport pilot certificate, you must carry your logbook or documented proof of all required endorsements with you on all flights. Documented proof includes a photocopy of the logbook endorsements or a pre-printed form that includes the endorsements. Privileges and Limits of Holders of a Sport Pilot Certificate Section 71. What type of aircraft may I fly if I hold a sport pilot certificate? If you hold a sport pilot certificate, you may operate any light-sport aircraft, as defined in 14 CFR 1.1, for which you have received the proper logbook endorsements. Section 73. What are my limits for the operation of light-sport aircraft? (a) If you hold a sport pilot certificate, you must operate a light-sport aircraft in accordance with 14 CFR part 91. You are limited to sport and recreational flying only. (b) You may not operate a light-sport aircraft: (1) At night; (2) In Class A airspace; (3) In Class B, C, or D airspace, unless you have received ground and flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying you are authorized to exercise this privilege; (4) Outside the United States, unless you have prior authorization from the country in which you seek to operate. Your sport pilot certificate carries the limitation "Holder does not meet ICAO requirements;" (5) That is used in a passenger-carrying airlift sponsored by a charitable organization; (6) At an altitude of more than 10,000 feet MSL or 2,000 feet AGL, whichever is higher; (7) When the flight or surface visibility is less than 3 statute miles; (8) Without visual reference to the surface; (9) That exceeds a VH of 87 knots CAS, unless you have received ground and flight training and a logbook endorsement from an instructor authorized to provide this training; (10) Contrary to any operating limitation placed on the airworthiness certificate of the aircraft being flown; (11) Contrary to any limitation or endorsement on your pilot certificate, airman medical certificate, U.S. driver’s license, or any other limitation or logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor; (12) While towing any object; or (13) While carrying a passenger or property for compensation or hire. Section 75. May I demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer? If you are a sport pilot and you are not an aircraft salesperson, you may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer. However, if you are an aircraft salesperson; you must hold a private pilot certificate and meet the requirements of 14 CFR 61.113(f). Section 77. May I carry a passenger? Yes. As the holder of a sport pilot certificate, you may carry one passenger. Section 79. May I share operating expenses of a flight with a passenger? Yes. You may share with a passenger the operating expenses of a flight, including fuel, oil, airport expenditures, and rental fees. However, you must pay at least half the operating expenses of a flight. Section 81. How do I obtain privileges to operate in Class B, C, or D airspace? If you hold a sport pilot certificate and seek privileges to operate in Class B, C, or D airspace, you must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor who provides a logbook endorsement. That endorsement must certify you are proficient in the following aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation: (1) The use of radios, communications, navigation system/facilities, and radar services; (2) Operations at airports with an operating control tower to include 3 takeoffs and landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower; and (3) Applicable flight rules of part 91 for operations in Class B, C, or D airspace and ATC clearances. If you hold a sport pilot certificate and seek privileges to operate a light-sport aircraft that has a VH greater than 87 knots CAS you must— (a) Receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft that has a VH greater than 87 knots CAS; and (b) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that you are proficient in the operation of this light-sport aircraft. Transitioning to a Sport Pilot Certificate (a) If you already hold at least a current and valid private pilot certificate issued under 14 CFR part 61, and you seek to exercise the privileges of a sport pilot certificate, you may do so without any further showing of proficiency, subject to the following limits: (1) You are limited to the aircraft category and class ratings listed on your existing pilot certificate when exercising your sport pilot privileges; (2) You must receive specific training for any make and model of light-sport aircraft in which you have not acted as pilot-in-command; and (3) You must receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who trained you and certified you are proficient in that make and model of light-sport aircraft. (b) If you want to exercise the privileges of a sport pilot for a category or class for which you are not currently rated, you must meet the applicable category and class requirements contained in sections 51 through 57 of this SFAR. Use the following table to determine how to obtain a sport pilot certificate if you don’t hold a pilot certificate issued under 14 CFR part 61, but you have been flying ultralight vehicles under 14 CFR part 103:
If you don’t hold a pilot certificate and haven’t flown an ultralight vehicle, you must meet the applicable requirements of sections 3, 15 and 51 through 57 of this SFAR to obtain a sport pilot certificate. Flight Instructor Certificate With a Sport Pilot Rating Section 111. Must I hold an airman medical certificate? While exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating and while acting as pilot in command of a light-sport aircraft other than a glider or balloon, you must hold and possess; (a) A current and valid U.S. driver’s license; or (b) A current and valid airman medical certificate issued under 14 CFR part 67. (a) To apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you must receive and log ground training on the fundamentals of instruction from an authorized instructor on all of the following: (1) The learning process; (2) Elements of effective teaching; (3) Student evaluation and testing; (4) Course development; (5) Lesson planning; and (6) Classroom training techniques. (b) You do not have to comply with paragraph (a) of this section if: (1) You hold a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under 14 CFR part 61; (2) You hold a current teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality; or (3) You are employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university. (c) You must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the aeronautical knowledge areas applicable to a sport pilot certificate. (a) To apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating for all sport pilot aircraft categories, you must receive and log flight and ground training from an authorized instructor in the following areas of operation: (1) Technical subject areas; (2) Pre-flight preparation; (3) Pre-flight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight; (4) Pre-flight procedures; (5) Airport, seaplane base, and gliderport operations, as applicable; (6) Takeoffs (or launches), landings, and go-arounds; (7) Fundamentals of flight; (8) Performance maneuvers and for gliders performance speeds; (9) Ground reference maneuvers (except for gliders and lighter-than-air); (10) Soaring techniques; (11) Slow flight and stalls (stalls not applicable to lighter-than-air and gyroplanes); (12) Spins (applicable to airplanes, gliders, and weight-shift-control aircraft); (13) Emergency operations; and
(b) [Reserved] Use the following table to determine the experience you must have for each aircraft category and class:
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